Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Mechanical Engineering

• Polymer chemistry. Polymerization, copolymerization, ionic polymerization, living polymers, and the structure and properties of macromolecules.
• Plastics and fibres. Classification, raw materials, manufacture, properties and uses of plastics and synthetic fibres.
• Rubber. Natural rubber and latex treatment; raw materials, reactions and properties of synthetic rubber.
• Industrial chemicals. Raw materials and manufacture of fertilizers, paper, sugar and cement.
• Colloids. Classification, preparation, properties, dialysis, electrodialysis, ultrafiltration, electrophoresis and electroosmosis; electrical double layers, zeta potential, micelles and applications.
• Corrosion. Chemical, electrochemical, galvanic, atmospheric and soil corrosion; influencing factors and prevention.
• Glass and ceramics. Raw materials, classification, manufacturing processes, properties and applications.

• Volumetric analysis. Acid–base and oxidation–reduction titrations; determination of iron, copper and calcium.
• Gravimetric analysis. Determination of sulphate and iron.

Related theory: Ch 1105 · Engineering Chemistry

• Language skills. Reading, writing and speaking; word formation, roots, prefixes, suffixes, phrases, idioms, synonyms and antonyms.
• Sentence structure. Simple, compound and complex sentences; identification and analysis of clauses.
• Composition. Paragraphs, free composition and précis writing.
• Professional writing. Formal and informal reports, commercial correspondence, memos, letters, applications and tenders.
• Academic writing. Term-paper and thesis-writing techniques.

• Practical work based on English (Hum 1105).

Related theory: Hum 1105 · English

• Differentiation. Continuity; explicit, implicit and parametric functions; successive differentiation and Leibniz’s theorem.
• Expansion theorems. Rolle’s and mean-value theorems; Taylor and Maclaurin expansions; Lagrange and Cauchy remainders.
• Multivariable calculus and limits. Partial derivatives, Euler’s theorem and indeterminate forms using L’Hôpital’s rule.
• Curve geometry. Tangents, normals, subtangents, subnormals and pedal equations in Cartesian and polar coordinates.
• Curve analysis. Maxima, minima, inflection points, asymptotes, curvature, radius and centre of curvature, and curve tracing.
• Integration. Substitution, integration by parts, standard integrals and reduction formulae; definite integrals and summation of series.
• Special integrals. Wallis’s formula, improper integrals, and beta and gamma functions.
• Geometric applications. Areas between curves, arc lengths, volumes and surfaces of revolution, including the shell method.

• Mechanical engineering and energy. Engineering fields, energy sources, the global energy situation and energy resources in Bangladesh.
• Pure substances. Phases, phase diagrams, critical and triple points, water and steam properties; p–V, T–s and h–s diagrams, steam tables and Mollier charts.
• Heat engines. Operating principles of petrol engines, diesel engines and gas turbines.
• Steam generation. Common and modern boilers, mountings and accessories, equivalent evaporation and boiler efficiency.
• Refrigeration and air conditioning. Vapour-compression and absorption systems, refrigerant properties, human comfort, and summer and winter air conditioning.
• Combustion. Complete and incomplete combustion, stoichiometric air–fuel ratios, heat of reaction and combustion chemistry.

• Experiments based on Thermal Engineering (ME 1105).

Related theory: ME 1105 · Thermal Engineering

• Casting. Pattern design, moulding sands and testing, core making, die and centrifugal casting, investment and continuous casting, and casting defects.
• Joining processes. Gas, arc, shielded-arc, resistance, pressure, thermit and energy-beam welding; welding defects, soldering, brazing, metal spraying and hard facing.
• Metal forming. Hot- and cold-working processes and their machines and tools.
• Metal cutting. Chip formation, chip types and breakers, cutting forces, cutting fluids, tool geometry, tool cost and tool life.
• Machine tools. Lathes and accessories, turret and special-purpose lathes, drilling, shaping, planing and milling.
• Threads and gears. Manufacturing processes for screw threads and gears and the associated machines.
• Finishing. Surface and centreless grinding, honing, lapping and superfinishing.
• Nontraditional processes. Electrochemical, electrical-discharge, ultrasonic, laser-beam and plasma-arc machining.

• Machine-shop practice. Operations on lathes, drilling machines, milling machines, shapers and grinding machines.
• Experiments associated with Manufacturing Process (ME 1107).

Related theory: ME 1107 · Manufacturing Process

• Woodworking. Hand and machine tools, timber identification, sawing, planing and chiselling.
• Pattern making. Preparation of patterns for casting.
• Foundry practice. Foundry tools, moulding-sand preparation and metal casting.
• Welding practice. Welding tools and machines, arc welding and gas welding.

• Circuit fundamentals. Ohm’s law and Kirchhoff’s current and voltage laws.
• AC circuits. Steady-state R, RL and RLC circuits; RMS and average values and phasor algebra.
• Induction motors. Operating principles, torque–speed characteristics, starting torque, speed control and braking; single-phase motors.
• Synchronous machines. Operating principles, starting, synchronization and industrial applications.
• Vehicle electrical machines. Servomotors, self-starters and alternators; construction, operation and applications.
• DC machines. Shunt, series and compound generators and motors; starting, speed control and industrial motor selection.
• Transformers. Construction, operating principles and three-phase connections.

• Experiments based on Electrical Engineering & Electrical Machines (EE 1205).

Related theory: EE 1205 · Electrical Engineering & Electrical Machines

• Economic principles. Definitions, basic principles, marginal analysis and optimization.
• Microeconomics. Demand, supply, elasticity, price determination, markets, production functions and productivity; internal and external economies and diseconomies.
• Macroeconomics. Savings, investment, national income and inflation; project appraisal using NPV, IRR and cost–benefit analysis.
• Economic policy. Monetary, fiscal and trade policy, development and planning with reference to Bangladesh.
• Accounting foundations. Users of accounting information, GAAP, the accounting equation, and the relationship between accounting and engineering.
• Recording and statements. Transactions, debit and credit, journals, ledgers, trial balances and adjustments; income, equity, balance-sheet and cash-flow statements.
• Cost accounting. Cost classification, cost statements, materials and labour costs, wages and salaries, and operating and service costing.

• Three-dimensional geometry. Coordinates, distances, section formulae, projections, direction cosines, planes, straight lines, spheres, cones and central conicoids.
• First-order differential equations. Formation, order and degree; first-order, first-degree solution methods and applications in geometry and physics.
• Higher-order linear equations. Constant-coefficient equations, general and short methods, variation of parameters and undetermined coefficients.
• Cauchy–Euler equations and applications of higher-order differential equations.

• Projection. Orthogonal projection, visibility and angle problems; oblique, isometric and auxiliary views.
• View conversion. Orthographic and auxiliary views from pictorial views, and pictorial views from orthographic drawings.
• Development of objects and descriptive geometry, including projection-transfer methods and applications.
• Working drawings. Machine elements and sectional views.

• Force systems. Mechanical principles, concurrent forces, force components and three-dimensional resultants.
• Equilibrium. Particle equilibrium, free-body diagrams, parallel and nonconcurrent forces, and equilibrium in space.
• Force–couple systems. Transmissibility, moments, couples, equivalent systems and force-system reduction.
• Geometric properties. Centroids, centres of gravity, area and mass moments of inertia, radii of gyration, parallel-axis theorem and products of inertia.
• Structures. Analysis of trusses and frames.
• Friction. Sliding, wedges, square-threaded screws, journal and thrust friction, rolling friction and belt friction.
• Virtual work and energy. Mechanical efficiency, potential energy, equilibrium and stability.

• Experiments based on Engineering Mechanics I (ME 1209).

Related theory: ME 1209 · Engineering Mechanics I

• Relativity. Reference frames, the Michelson–Morley experiment, Galilean and Lorentz transformations, time dilation, length contraction, mass–energy relations and velocity transformations.
• Wave–particle duality. Photoelectric and Compton effects, quantum theory of light, de Broglie waves, and phase and group velocities.
• Atomic structure. Bohr’s model, hydrogen spectra and energy levels, correspondence principle, vector atom model, orbital and spin quantization, magnetic moments and electron shells.
• Lasers. Coherent radiation, temporal and spatial coherence, population inversion and stimulated emission; gas, ruby, YAG, Raman and semiconductor lasers and their applications.
• Crystalline solids. Crystal structure and classification; Einstein and Debye models of lattice heat capacity and their temperature limits.
• Electronic properties of solids. Electrical and thermal conductivity, momentum space, Fermi–Dirac statistics, free electrons, electron emission, Hall effect, mobility, drift velocity and band theory.
• Nuclear physics. Nuclear constituents and properties, binding energy, packing fraction, nuclear forces, fission and fusion.
• Radioactivity. Decay laws, half-life, mean life, successive disintegration and practical applications.

• Laboratory experiments in optics, sound and the topics of Physics (Ph 1205).

Related theory: Ph 1205 · Physics

• Electronic devices. Semiconductor junctions, rectifier, Schottky, Zener, tunnel and varactor diodes; LEDs, photodiodes and solar cells.
• Transistors and power devices. BJT, FET, MOS, unijunction transistor, SCR, DIAC, TRIAC and vacuum tubes.
• Amplifiers. Biasing and classification; BJT/FET, operational and differential amplifiers and their applications.
• Digital circuits. OR, AND, NOT, NAND, NOR and XOR gates; flip-flops, shift registers, counters, binary/BCD codes and comparators.
• Industrial electronics. Regulated power supplies, ignition, resistance welding and timing circuits.
• Instrumentation and applications. CRO, transducers, temperature measurement, audio electronics, integrated circuits and microprocessors.

• Experiments based on Electronics (EE 2105).

Related theory: EE 2105 · Electronics

• Industry and environment. Population and economic growth, industrialization, urbanization, energy use and pollution.
• Environmental balances and waste. Steady and unsteady mass/energy balances; industrial and hazardous waste generation, prevention, collection, transport, treatment, monitoring and disposal.
• Environmental impact and regulation. National and international regulations and initiatives.
• Industrial law. Inspection, health, hygiene, safety, welfare, working hours, employment, leave, wages, penalties and implementation.
• Bangladesh and international frameworks. Labour Act, EPZ industrial-relations provisions, environmental conservation legislation and the International Labour Organization.
• Sociology. Society, communities, associations and groups; social history and culture of Bangladesh.
• Social change. Urban ecology, industrialization, population, poverty, crime and other social problems.

• Vector calculus. Differentiation and integration of vectors; gradient, divergence and curl and their physical interpretations.
• Integral theorems. Line, surface and volume integrals; Green’s, Gauss’s and Stokes’s theorems and applications; curvilinear coordinates.
• Matrices. Matrix types, elementary transformations, rank, inverse, linear dependence and independence, and consistency and solution of linear systems.
• Eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
• Complex variables. Complex functions, limits, continuity, analytic functions, their properties and singularities.

• Working drawings of machine elements using AutoCAD and SOLIDWORKS.

• Thermodynamic foundations. Macroscopic and microscopic viewpoints, thermodynamic terms, heat, work and path dependence.
• Ideal gases. Suitability as thermodynamic fluids, process equations, specific heats, internal energy and enthalpy.
• Thermodynamic laws. Corollaries, reversibility, irreversibility, entropy, Gibbs and Helmholtz functions and Maxwell relations.
• Air-standard cycles. Carnot, Otto, Diesel, dual, Stirling, Ericsson, Joule and Brayton cycles; p–V and T–s diagrams, efficiency, compressors and blowers.
• Vapour-power cycles. Carnot, Rankine, reheat, regeneration, binary and combined cycles.
• Gas and vapour mixtures. Gravimetric/volumetric analysis, Dalton’s law, mixture volume and entropy, and isentropic mixture processes.
• Psychrometry. Specific and relative humidity, dew point, dry/wet-bulb temperatures, adiabatic saturation and psychrometric charts.
• Fuels. Classification, coal and petroleum formation, coal grading, calorific-value measurement, fuel properties, fuel development and nuclear fuels.

• Experiments based on Thermodynamics (ME 2105).

Related theory: ME 2105 · Thermodynamics

• Fluid properties. Continuum concepts, fluid classification, viscosity measurement, fluid stress/strain, compressibility, elasticity, surface tension, capillarity and vapour pressure.
• Fluid statics. Pressure gradients, manometers, forces on submerged surfaces, buoyancy, flotation, metacentric height and stability.
• Accelerating fluids. Containers undergoing constant acceleration or rotation.
• Flow kinematics and dynamics. Particle velocity/acceleration, flow types, system and control-volume descriptions, and integral/differential continuity.
• Flow-energy relations. Euler and Bernoulli equations, the energy equation, energy-grade and hydraulic-grade lines.
• Dimensional analysis. Units, dimensional homogeneity, Buckingham’s pi theorem and similitude.
• Flow measurement. Pitot tubes, anemometers, Venturi meters, weirs, notches, orifices and mouthpieces; tank emptying and flow between vessels.

• Experiments based on Fluid Mechanics I (ME 2113).

Related theory: ME 2113 · Fluid Mechanics I

• Fourier series. Existence, different periods and half-range expansions.
• Special functions. Bessel functions and Legendre polynomials; orthogonality, generating functions and recurrence relations.
• Partial differential equations. Formation, classification, and one-dimensional heat and wave equations.
• Laplace’s equation. Solutions in two-dimensional Cartesian and polar coordinates and in spherical and cylindrical coordinates; heat-distribution applications.
• Laplace transforms. Existence, elementary transforms, properties, inverse transforms and convolution.
• Transform methods. Solutions of ordinary and partial differential equations using Laplace transforms.

• Particle kinematics. Rectilinear/curvilinear motion, relative motion, and Cartesian, tangential/normal and radial/transverse components.
• Rigid-body kinematics. Translation, fixed-axis rotation, general plane motion, fixed-point and general motion; relative velocity/acceleration and Coriolis acceleration.
• Particle kinetics. Newton’s second law, linear/angular momentum and central-force motion.
• Space mechanics. Two-body and satellite motion, orbit equations, orbiting/escape conditions, orbital periods and orbit changes.
• Work, energy and impact. Power, efficiency, potential energy, conservative forces, energy conservation, impulse–momentum, and direct/oblique central impact.
• Planar rigid-body kinetics. D’Alembert’s principle, constrained motion, work–energy and impulse–momentum methods, and impact.
• Three-dimensional dynamics. Angular momentum, kinetic energy, Euler’s equations and Euler angles.
• Gyroscopic motion. Steady precession, axisymmetric bodies, gyroscopic couples, aircraft/ship effects and stabilization.

• Experiments based on Engineering Mechanics II (ME 2209).

Related theory: ME 2209 · Engineering Mechanics II

• Stress and strain. Internal forces, tensile/compressive/bearing/shear stress, thin-walled pressure cylinders and stress–strain diagrams.
• Deformation. Axial, biaxial and triaxial deformation; statically indeterminate members and thermal stresses.
• Determinate beams. Loads and supports, shear-force/bending-moment diagrams, flexural and shear stresses, and economic sections.
• Beam deflection and reinforced beams. Double integration, area-moment and superposition methods; reinforced concrete beam design.
• Indeterminate beams. Propped, restrained and continuous beams, three-moment equations and support reactions.
• Torsion. Torsion formula, twist, shaft couplings, helical springs and circular-shaft design.
• Combined loading. Axial/bending stresses, kern of a section, stress at a point, oblique sections, Mohr’s circle, strain transformation and strain rosettes.
• Columns and connections. Slenderness, Euler, empirical and secant formulae; riveted joints and eccentrically loaded riveted/welded connections.

• Experiments based on Mechanics of Solid (ME 2211).

Related theory: ME 2211 · Mechanics of Solids

• Momentum and jets. Momentum equation, impact on stationary/translating flat and curved vanes, duct-flow applications and correction factors.
• Viscous pipe flow. Darcy–Weisbach equation, pressure gradients and shear stress, Hagen–Poiseuille flow, inclined/annular pipes, parallel plates and Moody charts.
• External and turbulent flow. Submerged bodies, Prandtl’s law and surface-roughness effects.
• Boundary layers. Thickness, growth, governing relations and von Kármán’s integral equation; flat-plate flow with pressure gradients.
• Boundary-layer behaviour. Separation and control, skin-friction drag, displacement/momentum thickness, transition and roughness.
• Compressible flow. One-dimensional continuity, momentum and energy equations, Mach cones and stagnation properties.
• Compressible-flow applications. Isentropic nozzles, adiabatic/nonadiabatic pipe flow, friction, shock waves, Fanno lines and Rayleigh lines.

• Experiments based on Fluid Mechanics II (ME 2213).

Related theory: ME 2213 · Fluid Mechanics II

• C fundamentals. Program output, data types, variables, operators, arithmetic limits and formatted input/output.
• Program development. Debugging, testing and control flow with if/else, switch, goto, while, do–while and for loops.
• Arrays and strings. One- and multidimensional arrays, matrix operations, sorting, vowel/consonant processing, palindrome detection, word counting/reversal and string-library functions.
• Functions. Passing arguments by value and reference; static and global variables.
• Recursion. Greatest common divisor, Fibonacci numbers, factorials and the Tower of Hanoi.
• Pointers. Dynamic memory allocation, arrays of pointers and passing pointers to functions.
• Structures and unions. Structured data processing and linked lists.
• File handling. Opening, closing, creating and processing data files; an introduction to low-level programming.

• Programming practice in C, applying the topics of Computer Programming (ME 2221).

Related theory: ME 2221 · Computer Programming

• Presentations on selected topics.

• Heat-transfer fundamentals. Conduction, convection and radiation; thermal properties of materials.
• Conduction equations. One-, two- and three-dimensional heat flow; steady solutions with and without heat generation and variable conductivity.
• Conduction applications. Composite walls, uniform-section fins, critical insulation thickness and boundary conditions.
• Transient conduction. Analytical and numerical solutions, relaxation methods, negligible internal resistance and Heisler charts.
• Radiation fundamentals. Electromagnetic spectrum, Planck’s law, Wien’s law, Stefan–Boltzmann relation, black/grey bodies, spectral properties and Kirchhoff’s law.
• Radiative exchange. Shape factors, reradiating surfaces, radiation shields and network methods.
• Solar and atmospheric radiation. Emission, absorption, measurement and equilibrium temperature.

• Experiments based on Heat transfer I (ME 3105).

Related theory: ME 3105 · Heat Transfer I

• Machinery dynamics. Inertia and kinetic energy of rotating/reciprocating parts, turning-moment diagrams, energy/speed fluctuation and flywheels.
• Balancing. Stationary, rotating and reciprocating masses; in-line and V engines, direct/reverse cranks and balancing machines.
• Mechanisms. Gearing laws and tooth forms, gear types and trains, governors and control, cams, followers and cam profiles.
• Single-degree-of-freedom vibration. Free, forced and damped vibration, beats, resonance and transient response.
• Shaft and pendulum vibration. Torsional oscillation, whirling, transverse shaft vibration and energy methods.
• Multiple-degree systems. Two-degree elastic systems, multirotor shaft torsion and self-excited vibration.
• Vibration control. Measurement instruments, machinery isolation, elastic suspension and vibration absorbers.

• Experiments based on Engineering Mechanics -III (ME 3109).

Related theory: ME 3109 · Engineering Mechanics III

• Design approach. Stress analysis, tolerances and allowances.
• Variable loading. Stress concentrations and design under fluctuating loads.
• Fasteners and joints. Screw fastenings and riveted joints.
• Springs and columns. Spring design and columns under central and eccentric loading.
• Power-transmission elements. Combined stresses, shafts, keys and couplings.

• Solution of design problems based on Machine Design I (ME 3117).

Related theory: ME 3117 · Machine Design I

• Data description. Events, variables, populations and samples; grouped/ungrouped data and frequency distributions.
• Descriptive statistics. Mean, median, mode, standard deviation, moments, skewness, peakedness and coefficient of variation.
• Probability. Sets, Venn diagrams, probability axioms/rules, conditional probability, independence and Bayes’s formula.
• Distributions. Probability densities; hypergeometric, geometric, binomial, Poisson, normal, uniform, exponential, chi-squared and t distributions.
• Statistical inference. Hypothesis tests, error types, one-/two-sided tests, operating-characteristic curves and goodness of fit.
• Process-control foundations. Quality costs, chance/assignable causes, Pareto analysis, cause-and-effect diagrams and histograms.
• Control-chart design. Limits, sample size/frequency, rational subgroups, chart-pattern interpretation, operating characteristics and average run length.
• Attribute and variable charts. Nonconforming fractions, defect counts, constant/variable sample sizes, demerit systems, X-bar, range and standard-deviation charts, and non-normality.
• Process capability. Analysis using histograms and control charts.
• Acceptance sampling. Random, single, double, multiple and sequential sampling plans and military-standard sampling.
• Quality systems. Total quality management, quality-control circles, total quality control and ISO series.

• Interpolation. Newton forward/backward, Lagrange, Stirling and Bessel methods.
• Nonlinear equations. Iteration, regula falsi and Newton–Raphson methods; graphical interpretation, initial guesses and convergence tests.
• Linear systems. Iterative methods including Gauss–Seidel, matrix inversion and Gauss–Jordan methods, Gaussian elimination with pivoting and triangular factorization.
• Numerical differentiation. Taylor expansion, forward/central/backward differences, error estimation, graphical differentiation and partial derivatives.
• Numerical integration. Equidistant-ordinate formulae, trapezoidal, Simpson and Weddle rules, graphical integration and error analysis.
• Ordinary differential equations. Euler, Taylor-series, Runge–Kutta and predictor–corrector methods, applications and error analysis.
• Partial differential equations. Elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic equations, finite differences, d’Alembert’s solution, Crank–Nicolson schemes, iteration, residuals and accuracy tests.
• Curve fitting. Linear regression, correlation, least squares, confidence limits and significance tests.
• Eigenvalue problems. Eigenvalues/eigenvectors, homogeneous linear systems and eigenvalue-size estimation.

• Computer-based solutions of problems from Numerical Computation for Mechanical Engineers (ME 3121).

Related theory: ME 3121 · Numerical Computation for Mechanical Engineers

• Development of a mechanical element.

• Convection. Hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layers, control-volume analysis and laminar flat-plate heat transfer.
• Internal convection. Fully developed pipe flow, constant heat flux/wall temperature, dimensional analysis, turbulence correlations and hydraulic diameter.
• External convection. Free/forced convection over plates, cylinders, spheres, inclined pipes and tube bundles.
• Condensation. Dropwise/filmwise modes, film turbulence, Nusselt relations and condensation number.
• Phase-change heat transfer. Melting, solidification, bubble growth, pool/film boiling, boiling curves, critical heat flux and forced-convection boiling.
• Heat exchangers. Types, compact exchangers, LMTD, effectiveness–NTU methods, fouling and design.
• Mass transfer. Fick’s law, binary diffusion, transfer coefficients, evaporation and heat/mass-transfer analogy.

• Experiments based on Heat Transfer II (ME 3205).

Related theory: ME 3205 · Heat Transfer II

• Material properties and testing. Malleability, ductility, hardness, toughness and fatigue resistance; destructive and nondestructive testing.
• Structure and solidification. Crystal lattices, nucleation, grain growth and solidification variables.
• Phase diagrams. Binary-alloy equilibrium diagrams, structure–property relationships and the iron–iron carbide diagram.
• Heat treatment. Hardening, annealing, normalizing, quenching, tempering, case/edge hardening, nitriding and precipitation; TTT diagrams and S-curves.
• Ferrous metals. Pig, wrought and cast irons; microstructures and impurities; Bessemer/open-hearth steelmaking, carbon steels, alloy steels and stainless steels.
• Nonferrous metals and alloys. Production, properties and uses of copper, aluminium, nickel, tin and lead; noble-metal alloys, bearing and spring materials.
• Surface and joining metallurgy. Surface treatments, plating, coatings and metal spraying.
• Powder metallurgy. Powder characteristics, pressing, sintering and consolidation.

• Experiments based on Engineering Metallurgy (ME 3215).

Related theory: ME 3215 · Engineering Metallurgy

• Bearings. Layout and selection; journal, plain-surface, ball and roller bearings.
• Gears. Design of spur, helical, bevel and worm gears.
• Clutches and brakes. Design of clutch and braking elements.
• Flexible transmission. Selection and design of belts, ropes and chains.
• Welded joints. Joint design.

• Design of a mechanical element and detailed drawings using application software.
• Construction of the element and a presentation at the end of the term.

Related theory: ME 3217 · Machine Design II

• Power-generation context. Power plants and industry, plant types and Bangladesh’s electrical-energy situation.
• Load and economics. Load types/curves, variable-load operation, forecasting, generation selection, economics, tariffs and transmission-system components.
• Diesel plants. Layout, operating principles, fuel handling, accessories, performance and heat balance.
• Steam plants. Layout, steam generators, fuels, combustion equipment and feed/process-water conditioning.
• Gas-turbine plants. Principles, regeneration, intercooling, reheating, combined cycles and performance.
• Hydroelectric plants. Hydropower use, hydrographs, mass curves, reservoirs, site selection, equipment sizing and governing.
• Nuclear plants. Energy generation, fuels, reactor systems, safety and waste disposal.
• Plant accessories and operation. Cooling towers, spray ponds, chimney/foundation design, and safe starting, operation and stopping.

• Measurement fundamentals. Resolution, sensitivity, errors, significant digits, statistical data analysis, improvement and calibration.
• Motion and vibration. Sensors for distance, linear/angular velocity, acceleration and vibration.
• Thermal measurements. Temperature, humidity, energy and heat transfer; high-temperature measurement and control.
• Mechanical measurements. Force, torque, stress and strain.
• Fluid measurements. Viscosity, velocity, flow rate and pressure; relevant electrical principles.

• Experiments in data acquisition and data analysis.
• Practical work with programmable logic controllers (PLC) and sensors.

• Research preparation. Literature review and selection of a mechanical engineering project or thesis topic.
• Investigation. Theoretical or experimental study, engineering judgment and development of the chosen topic.
• Communication. Seminar presentations on the project or thesis.

• Vehicle architecture and engines. Automobile components, engine types, cylinder block/head, crankcase, pistons/rings, gaskets, crank/cam shafts, valves and valve gear.
• Engine systems. Fuel supply, turbocharging, carburetion, ignition and electronic advance; lubrication, cooling and gasoline-emission control.
• Drivetrain. Power transmission, driving wheels, differentials, automatic transmission and torque converters.
• Chassis systems. Body/chassis, suspension, wheels/tyres, front axle, steering, brakes, braking forces and power brakes.
• Vehicle electrics. Storage-battery construction/chemistry/maintenance, starters, generators, auxiliaries, warning and indicating devices.
• Testing and service. Engine testing, vehicle servicing, automobile air conditioning and engine tuning.

• Robotics foundations. History, classification, specifications, applications and future directions.
• Robot components. Manipulator arms, end effectors, actuators, transmission elements and sensors.
• Kinematics. Spatial descriptions and transformations, forward/inverse manipulator kinematics, velocities and static forces.
• Dynamics. Newton, Euler and Lagrange formulations; Cartesian-space dynamics, dynamic simulation and computational considerations.
• Trajectories. Path description/generation, joint- and Cartesian-space schemes, runtime generation and dynamic-model-based planning.
• Control. Transfer functions, position control and force control.
• Programming. Robot-programming requirements, operating systems, teaching methods and languages.

• Gas turbines. Open/closed cycles, performance, reheat, regeneration and intercooling.
• Propulsion. Jet/rocket propulsion, propellants, air–fuel ratio, specific fuel consumption, efficiency and boosting.
• Steam turbines and nozzles. Impulse/reaction machines, convergent/divergent nozzle theory/design, stage efficiency and degree of reaction.
• Turbine performance. Compounding, optimum velocity ratio, reheat factor, condition lines, losses, governing and steam condensers.
• Engine testing. Engine classification, tests, torque/speed/fuel/air measurement, heat balance, indicator diagrams, indicated/brake power and mean effective pressure.
• Engine performance. Thermal, mechanical and volumetric efficiencies, performance curves and limiting factors.
• SI/CI combustion. Fuel metering, reaction rates, flame propagation, ignition, knocking/detonation, additives and combustion-chamber design.
• Scavenging and supercharging.

• Experiments based on Applied Thermodynamics (ME 4105).

Related theory: ME 4105 · Applied Thermodynamics

• Reciprocating pumps. Classification, work, slip, acceleration/friction effects, indicator diagrams, air vessels, cavitation and efficiency.
• Centrifugal pumps. Work, efficiency, characteristic curves, starting speed, impeller size, priming, suction limits, cavitation and specific speed.
• Water turbines. Impulse/reaction types, Euler’s turbine equation, efficiency, specific speed, governing, selection, model testing and cavitation.
• Blowers and compressors. Classification and applications.
• Ideal flow. Rotational/irrotational flow, velocity potential, stream function, free/forced vortices, doublets, Cauchy–Riemann equations and flow nets.
• Circulation and lift. Source/sink combinations, vorticity, cylinder flow, Magnus effect and aerodynamic lift.
• Open channels. Chezy, Ganguillet–Kutter, Bazin and Manning relations; economic sections, specific energy, critical depth, Froude number and hydraulic jumps.

• Experiments based on Fluid Machinery (ME 4113).

Related theory: ME 4113 · Fluid Machinery

• Solution of mechanical engineering problems using standard simulation software.

• Operations foundations. Management processes, objectives, production/operations systems and the role and functions of operations management.
• Economic analysis. Cost classification, break-even analysis, time value of money and capital-investment evaluation.
• Process design. Production-process types, design methodology/graphics, energy use, pollution and recycling.
• Work design and measurement. People/machine comparison, work content, methods, standard times and learning curves.
• Layout and location. Product/process/fixed-position/group layouts, safety and OSHA, plant-location methods and Brown–Gibson site selection.
• Forecasting. Subjective, causal, time-series and short-term demand forecasting.
• Inventory models. Inventory costs, EOQ, EPQ, shortages, quantity discounts and single-stage models under risk.
• Inventory systems. Safety stock, service levels, continuous/periodic review, base-stock systems and material requirements planning.
• Production planning. Just-in-time flow; flow-shop and job-shop scheduling; project scheduling using CPM and PERT.

• Continuation of the mechanical engineering project or thesis through theoretical or experimental investigation.
• Preparation and submission of the completed project/thesis report.

• Refrigeration cycles. Vapour-compression analysis, multipressure systems, absorption, air-cycle, steam-jet and vortex-tube refrigeration.
• Low-temperature refrigeration. Cascade systems, gas liquefaction and Linde–Hampson/Claude systems.
• Refrigerants. Properties and numerical classification.
• Refrigeration equipment. Compressors, evaporators, condensers and expansion devices; operation and maintenance.
• Air-conditioning fundamentals. Applications, ventilation, psychrometric processes and comfort.
• Load assessment. Cooling-load calculations, special-building requirements and modification of existing buildings.
• Air-conditioning systems. Central/unit systems, duct design, sizing, controls, filtration, distribution, air handling and equipment.

• OR modelling. Origins, model formulation, assumptions, scope and limitations.
• Linear programming. Maximization/minimization, graphical methods, primal/dual/revised simplex, special cases and sensitivity analysis.
• Duality. Primal–dual relationships, optimal values, resource prices, resource availability and marginal profit/cost changes.
• Transportation and assignment. Balanced/unbalanced models, northwest-corner, Vogel and Russell methods, transshipment and the Hungarian method.
• Integer programming. Applications, cutting planes and branch-and-bound.
• Dynamic programming. States, stages, decisions and forward/backward recursion.
• Decisions and games. Risk, uncertainty, decision trees, zero-sum games, mixed strategies and graphical game solutions.
• Queueing. Arrival/service processes, Poisson/exponential models, birth–death processes, M/M/1 and M/M/c queues, finite capacities, bulk arrivals and approximations.
• Simulation. Methodology, randomness and simulation of queueing models.
• Introduction to nonlinear programming.

• Materials-handling design. Importance, conveying-machine classification/selection, continuous-conveyor capacity, design principles and limiting loads.
• Conveyors. Belt, apron, flight, bucket, swing-tray, car/platform, roller, oscillating/vibrating, pneumatic and hydraulic systems.
• Handling equipment and safety. Cranes, lifts, forklifts, hoppers, chutes and trucks.
• Maintenance and lubrication. Maintenance needs, lubricant classification/properties, viscosity, sliding parts, seals, gaskets and rubber rings.
• Maintenance planning. Schedules, execution, fault diagnosis and repair for plants, equipment and vehicles, including boilers, turbines, pumps and agricultural pumps.

• Workholding. Degrees of freedom, location principles, locating devices, clamping principles, devices and forces.
• Jigs and fixtures. Drill jigs and fixtures for turning, milling, boring, broaching and grinding.
• Die design. Dies and punches, cutting operations, clearance, blanking/piercing, strip layout, bending/forming/drawing dies, drawing forces and blank size.
• Machine tools. General- and special-purpose machines, recent developments and maintenance.
• Drives and operation. Power requirements, drive/transmission systems for lathes and drilling machines; ray, saw and speed-structure diagrams.
• Computer-controlled manufacture. CAM, CNC and DNC concepts.
• Machine structures. Beds and columns, stability and vibration control.

• Experiments based on Tool Engineering & Machine Tools (ME 4207).

Related theory: ME 4207 · Tool Engineering & Machine Tools

• Management foundations. Development of management theories, functions and principles.
• Organizations. Structures, organization types and span of control.
• Personnel. Manpower planning, recruitment, training, leadership, morale, motivation, job rotation, enlargement and enrichment.
• Compensation. Job evaluation, wage-incentive plans and fringe benefits.
• Planning and decisions. Management information systems, decision-support systems, strategic planning and decision-making procedures.
• Budgeting. Budget types, revision/reallocation, budgetary control, expenditure and cost control.
• Marketing and purchasing. Marketing concepts, purchasing methods, industrial/consumer selling, distribution, sales promotion and sales/purchasing organization.
• Research and development. Research topics, development of products/processes and product life cycles.