:root{--ink:#182729;--body:#334347;--muted:#667577;--line:#dce4e1;--teal:#236d65;--soft:#f3f7f5;--paper:#fff;--serif:Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;--sans:Arial,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;--measure:1160px}
*{box-sizing:border-box}
html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:100px}
body{margin:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--body);font-family:var(--sans);font-size:17px;line-height:1.75;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}
a{color:var(--teal);text-underline-offset:.22em;text-decoration-thickness:1px}
a:hover{color:#134b44}
button{font:inherit;color:inherit}
button,a{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}
button:focus-visible,a:focus-visible,summary:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #b98034;outline-offset:5px}
img{display:block;max-width:100%;height:auto}
sub{line-height:0;font-size:.65em}
.skip-link{position:fixed;top:8px;left:12px;padding:8px 16px;background:white;border:1px solid var(--teal);z-index:100;transform:translateY(-160%)}
.skip-link:focus{transform:translateY(0)}
.site-header{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:20;background:rgba(255,255,255,.96);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.header-inner{max-width:var(--measure);margin:auto;min-height:76px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:28px;padding:12px 0}
.identity{color:var(--ink);font-weight:600;font-size:16px;letter-spacing:-.02em;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap}
.primary-nav{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:25px}
.primary-nav a{color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none;font-size:13px;white-space:nowrap;position:relative;padding:10px 0}
.primary-nav a::after{content:"";position:absolute;bottom:4px;left:0;right:0;height:1px;background:var(--teal);transform:scaleX(0);transform-origin:left;transition:transform .18s ease}
.primary-nav a:hover,.primary-nav a[aria-current="location"]{color:var(--teal)}
.primary-nav a:hover::after,.primary-nav a[aria-current="location"]::after{transform:scaleX(1)}
.wrap{width:min(var(--measure),calc(100% - 96px));margin-inline:auto}
.hero{padding-top:69px;padding-bottom:44px}
.eyebrow{font-size:11px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.16em;color:var(--teal);font-weight:600;margin:0 0 19px}
h1,h2,h3{color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:400;letter-spacing:-.025em;margin:0;line-height:1.2}
h1{font-size:clamp(30px,3.45vw,48px);max-width:1120px;text-wrap:pretty}
h2{font-size:clamp(27px,2.4vw,34px)}
h3{font-size:23px}
.author-line{font-size:17px;color:var(--ink);margin:24px 0 0;font-weight:600}
.degree-line{color:var(--muted);font-size:14px;margin:2px 0 25px}
.academic-meta{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:18px 42px;padding:19px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);font-size:14px;line-height:1.55}
.meta-item{display:flex;gap:11px;align-items:baseline}
.meta-label{color:var(--muted);font-size:12px}
.meta-value{color:var(--ink)}
.supervisor-meta{flex-basis:100%;padding-top:2px}
.supervisor-meta a{text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid #aac6be}
.synopsis{max-width:920px;font-size:18px;line-height:1.85;margin:29px 0 18px}
.research-highlights{max-width:970px;padding-left:20px;margin:0;font-size:15px;line-height:1.8}
.research-highlights li{padding-left:5px;margin:7px 0}
.research-highlights li::marker{color:var(--teal);font-size:.8em}
.section{padding-top:61px;padding-bottom:7px;scroll-margin-top:98px}
.section-heading{display:flex;gap:34px;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:19px}
.section-index{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:11px;color:#9aaba7;letter-spacing:.08em;min-width:22px}
.section-intro{max-width:890px;margin:0 0 27px 56px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.85}
.figure{margin:0 0 10px;position:relative}
.figure-button{display:block;position:relative;width:100%;padding:0;border:0;background:white;cursor:zoom-in;text-align:left}
.figure-button img{width:100%}
.figure-button::after{content:"↗";position:absolute;right:10px;top:10px;width:33px;height:33px;border-radius:50%;background:rgba(255,255,255,.95);color:var(--teal);border:1px solid var(--line);display:grid;place-items:center;font-size:20px;line-height:1;opacity:.85;transition:opacity .15s ease,transform .15s ease}
.figure-button:hover::after{opacity:1;transform:translate(1px,-1px)}
.figure figcaption{font-size:12px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--muted);margin:12px 0 0 56px;max-width:920px}
.sheet-figure{max-width:1050px;margin-inline:auto}
.construction-figure{max-width:1090px;margin-inline:auto}
.text-link{display:inline-block;margin:13px 0 0 56px;font-size:13px;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid #a9c7bf}
.inline-construction{margin:17px 0 8px 56px;font-size:14px;max-width:1000px}
.inline-construction summary{cursor:pointer;color:var(--teal);font-size:13px;text-underline-offset:4px}
.inline-construction[open] summary{margin-bottom:20px}
.inline-construction p{font-size:14px;line-height:1.8;max-width:850px}
.inline-code h2{font-size:23px;margin-top:22px}
.cite-link{font-size:11px;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:super;white-space:nowrap}
.mechanics-figure{margin-top:8px}
.mobile-studies{display:none}
.equation-section{display:flex;gap:38px;margin:38px 0 3px 56px;padding:28px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);align-items:flex-start}
.equation-label{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:21px;color:var(--ink);line-height:1.35;flex:0 0 170px;padding-top:12px}
.equations{flex:1;min-width:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;gap:12px}
.equation{width:100%;margin:0;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;min-height:62px}
.equation img{height:65px;width:auto;max-width:100%}
.equation.energy img{height:68px}
.context-section{padding-top:64px}
.context-section .figure{max-width:1060px;margin:auto}
.manuscript-section{margin-top:67px;padding:34px 40px;background:var(--soft);border-left:2px solid #79a299;scroll-margin-top:110px}
.status{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.13em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--teal);font-weight:600;margin:0 0 14px}
.manuscript-section h2{font-size:30px;max-width:950px;line-height:1.3}
.manuscript-section p:last-child{max-width:830px;margin:16px 0 0;font-size:15px;line-height:1.8}
.references-section{padding-top:56px;padding-bottom:36px}
.references-section h2{font-size:27px;margin-bottom:24px}
.references{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;column-gap:42px;row-gap:20px}
.references li{font-size:12px;line-height:1.8;padding-left:27px;position:relative;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
.ref-number{position:absolute;left:0;top:0;color:var(--teal)}
.references cite{font-style:italic}
.ref-doi{display:block;text-decoration:none;font-size:11px;margin-top:4px}
.site-footer{margin-top:18px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:29px 0 34px}
.footer-inner{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:30px;align-items:flex-start}
.supervision{font-size:13px;line-height:1.8;margin:0}
.supervision .footer-label{font-size:11px;color:var(--muted);display:block;margin-bottom:3px}
.supervision a{font-size:15px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--ink);border-bottom:1px solid #aac6be}
.footer-right{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);text-align:right;padding-top:6px}
.footer-right a{text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;margin-top:12px}
dialog.figure-dialog{width:calc(100vw - 36px);max-width:1600px;height:calc(100dvh - 36px);max-height:calc(100dvh - 36px);padding:0;border:1px solid var(--line);background:white;color:var(--ink);overflow:hidden}
dialog.figure-dialog::backdrop{background:rgba(21,35,36,.65);backdrop-filter:blur(3px)}
.dialog-bar{height:61px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);display:flex;align-items:center;gap:16px;padding:0 20px;background:white}
.dialog-title{font-size:14px;font-weight:400;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}
.dialog-count{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);white-space:nowrap}
.icon-button{display:grid;place-items:center;background:white;border:1px solid var(--line);width:32px;height:32px;font-size:20px;line-height:1;cursor:pointer;color:var(--ink);flex-shrink:0}
.icon-button:hover{background:var(--soft)}
.dialog-content{height:calc(100% - 61px);overflow:auto;padding:20px;background:#fff;text-align:center;overscroll-behavior:contain}
.dialog-content img{width:auto;max-width:100%;max-height:none;margin:auto;cursor:zoom-in}
.dialog-content.zoomed img{width:1800px;max-width:none;cursor:zoom-out}
.dialog-help{position:absolute;right:25px;bottom:9px;font-size:10px;color:var(--muted);background:rgba(255,255,255,.94);padding:2px 8px;pointer-events:none}
.construction-page .hero{padding-top:48px}
.construction-page h1{font-size:38px}
.construction-page .section-intro{margin-left:0}
.construction-equations{max-width:900px;margin:36px auto;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:24px}
.construction-equations img{height:70px;margin:auto}
.code-section{margin:45px 0 0;padding-top:29px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.code-section p{font-size:15px;max-width:850px}
pre{white-space:pre;overflow-x:auto;margin:25px 0 0;padding:24px;background:#f6f8f7;border:1px solid var(--line);font-size:13px;line-height:1.8;color:#243d3a;font-family:"Courier New",monospace}
.return-link{font-size:13px;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:23px;text-decoration:none}
.no-script{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted);padding:12px;border:1px solid var(--line)}
@media(min-width:1450px){.hero{padding-top:82px}.section{padding-top:72px}}
@media(max-width:1255px){.header-inner{padding-inline:36px}.primary-nav{gap:19px}.wrap{width:calc(100% - 72px)}}
@media(max-width:760px){
  html{scroll-padding-top:123px}
  .header-inner{min-height:97px;padding:13px 22px 7px;display:block}
  .identity{font-size:14px}
  .primary-nav{gap:22px;margin-top:3px;overflow-x:auto;scrollbar-width:none}
  .primary-nav::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}
  .primary-nav a{font-size:11px;padding:7px 0 10px}
  .wrap{width:calc(100% - 40px)}
  .hero{padding-top:36px;padding-bottom:18px}
  .eyebrow{font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.12em;margin-bottom:15px}
  h1{font-size:30px;line-height:1.24}
  h2{font-size:27px}
  .author-line{margin-top:21px;font-size:16px}
  .degree-line{font-size:12px;line-height:1.7;margin-bottom:20px}
  .academic-meta{gap:11px 25px;font-size:13px;padding:16px 0}
  .meta-item{gap:8px}
  .meta-label{font-size:11px}
  .supervisor-meta{display:block}
  .supervisor-meta .meta-label{margin-right:8px}
  .synopsis{font-size:16px;line-height:1.85;margin-top:24px}
  .research-highlights{font-size:14px;line-height:1.8;padding-left:17px}
  .section{padding-top:39px;scroll-margin-top:123px}
  .section-heading{gap:13px;margin-bottom:17px}
  .section-index{min-width:17px;font-size:10px}
  .section-intro{margin-left:0;font-size:15px;line-height:1.85;margin-bottom:18px}
  .figure figcaption{font-size:11px;line-height:1.75;margin-left:0;margin-top:11px}
  .figure-button::after{width:29px;height:29px;top:3px;right:3px;font-size:18px}
  .text-link{margin-left:0;font-size:12px}
  .inline-construction{margin-left:0}
  .desktop-composition{display:none}
  .mobile-studies{display:block}
  .mobile-study{margin:0 0 19px}
  .mobile-studies .fields{margin-top:28px}
  .equation-section{margin:26px 0 0;display:block;padding:22px 0}
  .equation-label{font-size:20px;padding:0;margin-bottom:19px}
  .equations{gap:13px}
  .equation{min-height:50px}
  .equation img{height:auto;width:auto;max-height:68px;max-width:100%}
  .equation.energy img{height:auto}
  .context-section{padding-top:42px}
  .manuscript-section{margin-top:39px;padding:25px 22px}
  .manuscript-section h2{font-size:25px;line-height:1.35}
  .manuscript-section p:last-child{font-size:14px}
  .references-section{padding-top:35px;padding-bottom:17px}
  .references{grid-template-columns:1fr;row-gap:19px}
  .references li{font-size:11px}
  .footer-inner{display:block}
  .footer-right{text-align:left;margin-top:20px}
  .site-footer{padding-top:24px}
  .dialog-bar{padding-inline:10px;gap:8px;height:55px}
  .dialog-title{font-size:12px}
  .dialog-count{display:none}
  .dialog-content{height:calc(100% - 55px);padding:9px}
  .dialog-content.zoomed img{width:1100px}
  .dialog-help{right:12px;bottom:5px;font-size:9px}
  .construction-page h1{font-size:29px}
  pre{font-size:11px;padding:17px}
}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}*,*::before,*::after{transition:none!important}}
@media print{
  .site-header,.skip-link,.figure-button::after,.text-link,.footer-right,dialog{display:none!important}
  .wrap{width:100%;max-width:none}.hero{padding-top:0}h1{font-size:25pt}
  body{font-size:10pt}.synopsis{font-size:11pt}.section{padding-top:20pt}
  .figure,.equation-section,.manuscript-section{break-inside:avoid}
  .section-heading{break-after:avoid}.figure-button{cursor:default}.references{display:block}
  .references li{margin-bottom:9pt}.site-footer{padding-bottom:0}
  @page{size:A4;margin:16mm}
}